33株临床分离菌的药敏试验分析

收集标准菌株2株和临床分离菌株共33株,采用NCCLS推荐的微量稀释法测定6种抗生素对33株病原菌的最低抑菌浓度.33株临床分离菌株对临床上常用的6种抗生素的平均敏感率为27.7%,平均耐药率为64.8%.对金黄色葡萄球菌抗茵作用最强的是氯霉素,敏感率为82.6%,MIC50为2 mg/L,MIC90为64 mg/L;耐药性最强的是青霉素,耐药率达100%.肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性较为严重,平均耐药率高达80%,抗茵作用最强的为新霉素,但其敏感率仅为40%.33株临床分离菌株的耐药性较为严重,存在交叉耐药性和多重耐药性现象.     

香根草根际AM菌的感染特性

通过对不同种植时间、不同种植基质的香根草Vetiveria zizanioides分株苗、组培苗根际丛枝菌根(AM菌)感染检测,探讨了香根草对AM菌的感染特性.结果表明,在消过毒的森林泥炭土中,组培苗种植12个月感染率只有20.0%,感染强度低;种植22个月只有53.3%,感染强度为中.分株苗种植在自然土壤中,3个月就有AM菌感染,其感染率为56.7%;种植22个月感染率达到最高峰,为80.0%,感染强度为中等;种植时间为33个月时,感染率不再增加,但感染强度进一步增高.说明香根草根际AM菌的感染率和感染强度可能与苗源无关,而与种植基质密切相关.     

烟草青枯病内生拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及其防效测定

 植物体内的大量微生物,在进化的过程中,由于长期生活在植物特定部位,因而与植物形成了一种特殊的关系,这些微生物在植物体内大量繁殖和扩散,有望成为生物防治有潜力的微生物。内生细菌是植物体内大量存在的微生物之一,具有在植株体内分布广、定殖能力强、防效好以及增殖和扩散快等优点,因而成为发展前景很好的植物病害生防菌。     

烟草内生短短芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及对烟草青枯病的防效

 在烟草青枯病区采取健康烟草植株,从其茎杆内分离到2株对烟草青枯拉尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacarum)有强拮抗作用的内生菌株009和011。形态观察、生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列比对结果表明,菌株009和011均归属为Brevi-bacillus brevis,009、011菌株与B. brevis(AY591911)相似性分别为99.5%和99.0%,GenBank登录号分别为DQ444284、DQ444285。生长特性研究结果表明,它们的最适生长pH值分别为6.5、7.5,最适生长温度分别为25、30℃。温室内用淋根法分别先接种009和011菌株,后接种病原菌,其防效分别为87.25%和52.30%。用009和011菌液分别和烟草青枯病菌的混合液淋根,其防效明显低于前者。田间小区试验结果表明,011菌株的防效明显高于009菌株和农用链霉素。     

抗香蕉枯萎病菌拮抗菌的鉴定及其定殖

通过逐步提高药物浓度方法,获得了抗利福平400μg/ml、对香蕉枯萎病菌拮抗活性稳定的T2WF和W10标记菌株。初步确定两菌株为芽孢杆菌属细菌。采用灌根接种法,在香蕉苗根际土和香蕉苗体内定殖结果表明,拮抗菌液接种浓度为5×104cfu/ml,两菌株均可从香蕉根际土和香蕉体内分离到,并在香蕉体内定殖和传导。在香蕉根际土、根部、球茎和假茎中,T2WF标记菌的菌量高峰分别出现在接种后5、5、11和3d,分别为707、437、273、117cfu/mg;而W10标记菌的菌量高峰分别出现在接种后5、3、5和5d,分别为784、260、253、110cfu/mg。两菌株在香蕉根际土和香蕉体内1~15d的消长动态均有一个共同的“由升到降”趋势。从数量和数量变动幅度上看,香蕉根部的菌量明显高于茎部的菌量。     

拮抗内生细菌与附生细菌及其组合对烟草赤星病的诱导抗性和控病作用

内生细菌菌株Itb162和附生细菌菌株Ata28能有效地抑制烟草赤星病，本试验观测和比较拮抗内生细菌和拮抗附生细菌及其混合菌液对烟草赤星病的控病作用及其对烟草苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性的诱导情况及病程相关蛋白的变化。结果表明，内生细菌和附生细菌及其混合菌液都能显著地抑制烟草赤星病，混合菌液处理效果最好。在诱导抗性试验中，经内生细菌和混合菌液处理，烟草体内PAL、PPO、POD活性有不同程度的提高，病程相关蛋白也有量的积累，而附生细菌没有诱导作用。上述试验结果说明内生细菌比附生细菌更易对烟草产生诱导抗性，其混合作用的诱导抗性主要来自于内生细菌。     

小麦根际pH,细菌数量,有机质变化研究

通过研究灰漠上和碱化灰漠上中小麦根际、非根际pH、细菌数量和有机质含量变化,发现两种土壤小麦根际上中细菌数量和有机质含量比非根际上中高。由于较低的pH值,因而灰漠土中小麦根际、非极际土中的有机质含量和细菌数量均高于碱化灰漠土中。     

The frequent detection of a treponeme in bovine digital dermatitis by immunocytochemistry and polymerase chain reaction

A study was carried out to determine whether spirochaetes are frequently associated with digital dermatitis in United Kingdom (UK) dairy cattle. Histopathological examination of lesions using a silver stain showed a large number of unidentified spirochaete-like organisms present in digital dermatitis hoof skin tissue in all examined biopsies. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that spirochaetes in skin lesions were identified by polyclonal antisera to Borrelia burgdorferi, Treponema denticola and Treponema vincentii (again all biopsies were positively stained), whereas monoclonal antibodies to B. burgdorferi and any Treponema pallidum did not stain any organisms in all biopsies. A PCR of 16S rRNA, previously shown to be specific for a new treponeme, was employed and produced positive results from 82.4% of digital dermatitis tissues. It is concluded that this spirochaete (or related spirochaetes), which is similar to human oral treponemes, is frequently associated with, and may be responsible for, pathological changes in digital dermatitis.     

Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Italian ryegrass silage

Twenty-three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from three cultivars (Akiaoba, Nagahahikari and Tachiwase) of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage were precisely characterized by a combination of phenotypic tests, genotypic 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and rapid PCR-based analyses, focusing on their useful phenotypes for silage preparation as inoculants. We successfully identified both at the species and subspecies levels: phenotypically novel Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens, Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum, Lactobacillus sakei subsp. carnosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum and Pediococcus parvulus. This is the first report to elucidate the presence of Lactobacillus coryniformis ssp. torquens and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum in Italian ryegrass silages. Physiological and biochemical tests revealed that phenotypic characteristics are different among the different strains of the same species and subspecies, and that the isolates show unique and diverse phenotypes related to fermentation factors, such as available carbohydrates, optimal growth pH and temperature. These results suggest that, for various well-preserved silage preparations, the isolates may be useful in producing novel inoculants corresponding to their optimally climatic and ecological niches.